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Tópico oficial AstrônomOS / FisicuzinhOS | 1a foto de um buraco negro p.35 | Mãe, no céu tem VY Canis Majoris? E morreu p.62 | Fotos TESUDAS James Webb p.63, 64...

Qual o teu nível de conhecimento sobre astronomia?


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Insane Metal

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Urano é muito anormal. Quase 90º de inclinação e roda ao contrário de todos os outros haushuash
 

Krion

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Eu tinha visto, colisão gigantesca no passado é uma das teorias e atualmente a mais aceita né.

Atualmente sim, mas é como o cientista que fez os videos mencionou, ele e Netuno, são planetas que necessitam de uma missão espacial exclusiva (como as que foram feitas para Júpiter e Saturno) para conseguirmos mais dados e informações.
Há um projeto de vários cientistas/pesquisadores/astrônomos de alcunha " Ice Giant Systems 2020" voltado para a pesquisa destes dois "Titãs" gelados.

No documento abaixo tem mais detalhes

(so clicar na imagem)


Onwards to the Ice Giants…
The Ice Giants, Uranus and Neptune, are the least explored class of planets in our Solar System, having been visited only once by a passing spacecraft, Voyager 2. These distant Ice Giant Systems may be hiding secrets that could reveal the origins of our Solar System, and are our nearest and best representatives of a type of planet that is commonplace in our universe.

In January 2020, Planetary Scientists from around the world met at London’s prestigious Royal Society for a three-day workshop on the future exploration of the Uranus and Neptune systems. We aimed to shape the key scientific questions that will drive mission planning in the coming decade, aiming to make use of ideal launch opportunities around 2030.

(links de todos os docs em PDF)

Welcome to Ice Giant Systems 2020
 


Gulf

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De pensar que a velocidade da luz é completamente abismal e distante da lógica humana, mas ainda assim é uma tartaruga quando se fala em universo...
Nada é mais mind blowing que astronomia, NADA.
Lembro até hoje do momento em que entendi que o tempo é relativo lendo "Uma breve história do tempo" de Stephen Hawking.
Acredito que não haverá maior mind blowing na minha vida do que este. Até pq já tinha uma idade pra compreender de fato o que significava aquilo que estava lendo.
 

Rodrigo Zé do Cx Jr

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Lembro até hoje do momento em que entendi que o tempo é relativo lendo "Uma breve história do tempo" de Stephen Hawking.
Acredito que não haverá maior mind blowing na minha vida do que este. Até pq já tinha uma idade pra compreender de fato o que significava aquilo que estava lendo.
Por essas e por outras que pra mim Dark é o maior produto cinematográfico da história.
"Brinca" com o tempo / paradoxo de Bootstrap e a porra toda de uma forma nunca antes vista.
 

dragonreborn

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Vídeos interessantes para se ter uma noção melhor da velocidade da luz




O mais intrigante é quando você percebe que se fosse uma nave espacial na velocidade da luz, a viagem para quem esta dentro dela seria instantânea.

Imaginar que um foton de luz "vive para sempre em seu referência" e no nosso não. essas coisas
 

Krion

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Aproveitando aqui para recomendar o excelente livro "O Despertar na Via Láctea", que conta a história da Astronomia, desde épocas remotas até a época moderna.

(pode ser adquirido em sebos por menos de R$20, link na imagem)



Leitura muito boa para quem quer se aprofundar no tema, sem ser técnica mas muito abrangente :kjoinha

(ainda mais quando lida com esta trilha sonora de fundo :kcool)
 
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Lor’themar Pomposo

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Em caso hipotético os seres humanos consigam visitar os outros planetas do sistema solar com facilidade, qual a chance de passarmos a explorar planetas a X Y Z anos luz de distância, levando-se em conta que tenhamos dominado pelo menos a velocidade da luz em naves?

Qual a chance de descobrirmos formas de fazer dobras no espaço, a fim de dar um "skip" nesses milhoes de anos luz de distancia entre galaxias (até pq só assim pra pdoer chegar la, mesmo na velocidade da luz)? hahahahha

aiai
 

Krion

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Em caso hipotético os seres humanos consigam visitar os outros planetas do sistema solar com facilidade, qual a chance de passarmos a explorar planetas a X Y Z anos luz de distância, levando-se em conta que tenhamos dominado pelo menos a velocidade da luz em naves?

Qual a chance de descobrirmos formas de fazer dobras no espaço, a fim de dar um "skip" nesses milhoes de anos luz de distancia entre galaxias (até pq só assim pra pdoer chegar la, mesmo na velocidade da luz)? hahahahha

aiai


Alguns videos para ajudar a você a responder seu próprio questionamento (ou deixá-lo com mais indagações ainda) :ksorriso
(todos com legendas em pt-br)











Um artigo interessante também:
 

quemsoueu

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Em caso hipotético os seres humanos consigam visitar os outros planetas do sistema solar com facilidade, qual a chance de passarmos a explorar planetas a X Y Z anos luz de distância, levando-se em conta que tenhamos dominado pelo menos a velocidade da luz em naves?

Qual a chance de descobrirmos formas de fazer dobras no espaço, a fim de dar um "skip" nesses milhoes de anos luz de distancia entre galaxias (até pq só assim pra pdoer chegar la, mesmo na velocidade da luz)? hahahahha

aiai
Mesmo que nos tivessemos os meios para atingir a velocidade da luz seria praticamente impossivel, quanto mais rapido mais massa o objeto ganha, logo a nave seria um ima que atrairia tudo pra si.Por isso a luz eh cheater os fotons nao tem massa logo podem viajar rapidao.
 

Rodrigo Zé do Cx Jr

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Em caso hipotético os seres humanos consigam visitar os outros planetas do sistema solar com facilidade, qual a chance de passarmos a explorar planetas a X Y Z anos luz de distância, levando-se em conta que tenhamos dominado pelo menos a velocidade da luz em naves?

Qual a chance de descobrirmos formas de fazer dobras no espaço, a fim de dar um "skip" nesses milhoes de anos luz de distancia entre galaxias (até pq só assim pra pdoer chegar la, mesmo na velocidade da luz)? hahahahha

aiai
Teoricamente, teríamos um motor de dobra espacial com base em energia negativa / efeito Casimir.



 

Krion

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Mais sobre Urano

@NASAHubble Space Telescope reveals the planet's rotation, moon orbits and seasons of this enigmatic planet. Made by Erick Karkoschka/@NASA

(clique na imagem para o video completo)


About This Video

A dramatic new time-lapse movie by the Hubble telescope shows for the first time seasonal changes on the planet. Once considered one of the blander-looking planets, Uranus is now revealed as a dynamic world with the brightest clouds in the outer solar system and a fragile ring system that wobbles like an unbalanced wagon wheel. The clouds are probably made of crystals of methane, which condense as warm bubbles of gas well up from deep in the planet's atmosphere.
 

balas

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'Black neutron star' discovery changes astronomy
Scientists have discovered an astronomical object that has never been observed before.


:kwow
 

Krion

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'Black neutron star' discovery changes astronomy
Scientists have discovered an astronomical object that has never been observed before.


:kwow


Ótimo post, já ia postar também de outra fonte.
O Universo é mesmo incrível :kqueixo

(quem interessar no paper completo, mas a "linguagem" é bem técnica, segue aqui)

A big black hole just ate a much smaller black hole. Or a neutron star. Maybe.

Artwork depicting the merger of a neutron star (right) with a black hole (left). Credit: Carl Knox (OzGrav)


Artwork depicting the merger of a neutron star (right) with a black hole (left). Credit: Carl Knox (OzGrav)

Eight hundred million light years from Earth, two massive cosmic objects merged after a long in-spiraling dance, the violent outburst of energy at the end literally shaking the fabric of spacetime. One of these objects was a big black hole. The other was… well, something. It's not clear what: Either a very large neutron star on the thin hairy edge of becoming a black hole, or the smallest black hole ever seen.

Either way, this is very cool.

The event itself is called GW190814 — GW for Gravitational Wave, followed by the date: 14 August, 2019. Gravitational waves are ripples in spacetime emitted when massive compact objects merge. This was predicted by Einstein's theory of General Relativity, but these waves weren't directly detected until 2015, when a pair of merging black holes over a billion light years away from Earth were observed.

Since then about a dozen confirmed gravitational wave emitting events have been seen, including one from a pair of merging neutron stars, which was a very big deal. But for that one exception, all of these have been from two black holes that merged after orbiting each other for eons. Not only that, but the two black holes have almost always been very similar in mass.

But that's now changed. A paper has just come out analyzing GW190814, and the scientists found it has the most lopsided mass ratio ever seen.

The detectors at LIGO (top two) and Virgo (bottom) show the characteristic “chirp” pattern of rising frequencies from the binary black hole merger of GW190814. The detector at Hanford was on but not in observation mode so the detection is not as clear. Cr

The detectors at LIGO (top two) and Virgo (bottom) show the characteristic “chirp” pattern of rising frequencies from the binary black hole merger of GW190814. The detector at Hanford was on but not in observation mode so the detection is not as clear. Credit: Abbott et al.

One of the objects was 23 times the Sun's mass, making it very definitely a black hole. But the other was much lower in mass, between 2.5 – 2.67 Suns. That's… peculiar. It's certainly possible to have a black hole with that low a mass, but it's weird. Even weirder, though, would be if it were a neutron star. The most massive one ever found has 2.14 times the Sun's mass, which is perilously close to the upper limit such a beast can have without collapsing into a black hole. So finding a neutron star with an even higher mass is very unlikely! It's maybe not strictly impossible, but if I had to bet I'd put decent money on it being another black hole.

But that's cool too! It would be the lowest mass black hole ever detected, which is quite a find. So right away this is a pretty important discovery for astrophysics.

 A plot of known mergers, with mass as the y-axis. Arrows show two objects merging and point toward the final object. GW190814 has the longest trail due to the very unequal black hole masses. Credit: LIGO-Virgo / Frank Elavsky, Aaron Geller / NWU

A plot of known mergers, with mass as the y-axis. Arrows show two objects merging and point toward the final object. GW190814 has the longest trail due to the very unequal black hole masses. Credit: LIGO-Virgo / Frank Elavsky, Aaron Geller / NWU


The mass of the second black hole puts in squarely in the so-called "mass gap." Black holes more than about 5 times the Sun's mass are seen pretty commonly, but none (or at least very few) are found between 2.5 to 5 solar masses. Theoretically speaking black holes like this can exist, though perhaps they're not all that common. But it's been an open question of whether they really are super rare, or that we just aren't very good at finding them. Our methods to look for black holes favor bigger ones, so maybe we're just missing them.

So if this second object is a black hole (again, bet that way) then this means they do exist and we can find them. It doesn't necessarily answer the question, but it does raise hopes that as we find more merging black holes, lower mass ones will be in the mix.

This is the most unequal-mass merger ever seen, and that brings up another cool thing. The gravitational waves are emitted by each black hole as they swing around the other. If they're the same mass/size then the waves we see are pretty much the same from both (which is usually the case). But if their masses are unequal, as in this case, the smaller black hole makes a wide orbit around their center of mass, and the bigger one makes a smaller orbit. That means the waves are different, and they create what are called multipoles, like harmonics in frequencies. If you pluck a guitar string it will vibrate at a certain frequency, but there will also be higher frequency vibrations as well called overtones*.



With gravitational waves (and other types of systems as well) these come in powers of two, so you get dipoles, quadrapoles, octapoles, and so on. That's good, because it breaks some symmetry seen in the signal that makes it hard to figure certain characteristics out. For example, distance and orbital angle are both tangled up in the signal, but if you can see the higher order stuff they can be separated (which is in part how the 800 million light year distance was found).

Still, this does leave the question about how this system formed. You need very massive stars to explode and form black holes (probably 15 times the Sun's mass or more), and generally speaking very massive stars in binaries have similar masses. So this system was special in some way. I was surprised to read that it may have formed in the disk of matter swirling around a supermassive black hole in the center of an active galaxy! Usually two unequally (but still very) massive stars would have a hard time hooking up, but in a dense disk of gas the physics makes it easier; the gas acts as a drag on the stars making it possible for them to become a binary.

It's also possible this was a triple system, with two stars orbiting each other, and a third farther out. If they passed closed to the 23 solar mass black hole, the third star could be ejected and the binary would fall into orbit around the black hole. The two stars could then merge, explode, and form the lower mass black hole. It's a bit of a Wile E. Coyote scenario, but it's possible.

I have it mention one more thing. These ripples in the fabric of space are small. Like small small. LIGO and Virgo, the two observatories that detected this gravitational wave event, use lasers and mirrors to measure them; the setup can detect incredibly small changes in the length the laser travels over its several kilometer journey bouncing between mirrors. As a ripple passes through the Earth, the distance between the mirrors changes by about 1/1000th the diameter of a single proton.

A. Single. Proton.

That's why it took so long to detect the first event after they were predicted in the early 20th century. It's basically Star Trek tech. Yet it can "hear" the merger of a pair of black holes (and even hear harmonies!) a large fraction of the way across the observable Universe.

Because that's just how cool science is.

 
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Krion

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5d27539da17d6c307151cad4


NASA just dropped an astonishingly elaborate map of more than 4,000 exoplanets known to exist outside our Solar System,

which takes the form of a video that shows how many exoplanets we’ve discovered each year since 1991.
Exoplanets are not only interesting to us because they orbit a different star, but also because they have the potential to harbor life.

It’s an impressive visualization of the exponential rate at which we’re discovering outside worlds many light-years away. That’s in part thanks to the Kepler Space Telescope, NASA’s now-retired orbital imaging craft that searched the far reaches of deep space for exoplanets since it launched in 2009.

An incredible new animation shows where, when, and how astronomers found 4,000 planets beyond our solar system

Earth is not alone, and a stunning new animation created using NASA data beautifully illustrates that point.

There may be trillions of other planets in our galaxy, the Milky Way (which itself is one of hundreds of billions of other galaxies in the universe). But finding such extrasolar planets, or exoplanets, is not easy — even when they're relatively close by.

In fact, it takes more than four years for light to travel from the nearest star to our solar system. Meanwhile, exoplanets are both small and dim, and the Milky Way is a 100,000-light-year-wide haystack for astronomers to scour.

Despite their long odds, however, astronomers have logged thousands of exoplanets since a team confirmed the existence of the first one in October 1991. This June, in fact, marked a milestone: Researchers logged the 4,000th discovery in an ever-growing NASA archive of exoplanets.

To celebrate the achievement, two artists pulled all of that data and compiled it into a short animated map and timeline called "4000 Exoplanets," shown below.



The animation was created by the artist Matt Russo and scored by the musician Andrew Santaguida, who both work with a science-art outreach project called System Sound. The short film was published on YouTube on Sunday and described on Wednesday by NASA's Astronomy Picture of the Day (APOD) site.

What the animated exoplanet timeline shows
The video shows a flattened map of the 360-degree night sky as seen from Earth. The bright band of stars in the center is a cross-cut view of the Milky Way; it looks this way because our solar system drifts within the spiral galaxy.

milky way galaxy sun solar system earth location nasa labeled 1200

NASA; Business Insider

Each circle that appears represents a confirmed exoplanet discovery. The main method used to find each world is shown as one of seven colors.
For example, purple circles show a planet found by its transit, or passage in front of a parent star; this is detectable because it causes periodic subtle drops in the parent star's brightness level relative to Earth. Pink, meanwhile, shows distant worlds that were located because their gravitational pull was strong enough to make their star "wiggle" sufficiently for astronomers to detect.

The pace of discoveries in the 60-second timeline starts off slowly, with only about 70 extrasolar worlds located in the first decade of discoveries. That's because finding and confirming the existence of exoplanets was extraordinarily difficult without advanced tools and resources.

But as funding grows, techniques improve, more ground telescopes help with the search, and new space observatories launch into space, the rate at which exoplanets have been found has increased. The pace of discovery really exploded after 2009, when NASA launched its Kepler Space Telescope.
Kepler focused its search on a small patch of the sky and used the transit method of exoplanet detection on 150,000 stars. This is why, in the animation, a big purple blob suddenly begins to appear around 2010 (at top left) and the exoplanet count skyrockets.

NASA deactivated Kepler in 2018, but in April 2018, NASA launched a similar planet hunter called the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).
TESS is expected to scan 200,000 nearby stars across 85% of the night sky, revealing thousands of additional planets. Below is an animation of TESS's planned survey.

ezgif-2-6dc8d086de79.gif


Around 50 of the planets TESS detects should be Earth-sized and potentially habitable, creating promising targets for more detailed observations by telescopes that can image objects much deeper in space.

The first pictures of Earthlike worlds may come from enormous ground-based observatories, including the Giant Magellan Telescope in Chile, which are poised to come online starting in the mid-2020s. Astronomers hope such telescopes can take raw exoplanet discoveries a step further by picking up light from their atmospheres — and potentially "sniffing" out biosignatures that may indicate the presence of alien life.

----------------------

muitos detalhes sobre exoplanetas no link abaixo se quiserem se aprofundar no assunto
https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/
 

Rodrigo Zé do Cx Jr

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https://www.uol.com.br/tilt/noticia...-decada-do-sol-em-menos-de-2-minutos-veja.htm


Vídeo da Nasa mostra uma década do Sol em menos de 2 minutos; veja 01/07/2020 12h27 Por mais de uma década, a equipe do Observatório de Dinâmica Solar na Nasa capturou impressionantes 425 milhões de imagens de alta resolução do Sol — não tente fazer isso em casa. As fotos foram tiradas a cada 0.75 segundos durante a órbita da Terra ao redor do astro, e o resultado foi disponibilizado pela agência espacial em um vídeo de um pouco mais de um minuto. Com as imagens, que retratam fenômenos como erupções solares e momentos de maior ou menor atividade na superfície da Estrela, cientistas esperam avançar em estudos não apenas do Sol, mas de todo o nosso sistema planetário.... - Veja mais em https://www.uol.com.br/tilt/noticia...-menos-de-2-minutos-veja.htm?cmpid=copiaecola
 
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